RESUMO
Previous findings that necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is a precursor to noma or cancrum oris were confirmed by the follow-up of these clinical conditions in a study of 45 Colombian patients: necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG, n = 29), necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP, n = 7) and noma (n = 9). Patients were diagnosed at the outpatient clinic of the School of Dentistry at the University of Antioquia, at the University Hospital Saint Vincent of Paul, at the Luz Castro de Gutierrez University Hospital, at the Red Cross Hospital and at the private office of one of the authors (Jiménez L., M) in Medellín, Colombia, from 1965 until 2000. Almost all the patients came from low socioeconomic groups and presented with predisposing and/or contributing factors, such as acute herpetic gingivostomatitis, measles, and leukemia (including acute lymphoblastic and chronic lymphoid leukemia). Malnutrition and poor oral hygiene were associated with the necrotizing process and favored progression from the gingiva to deeper periodontal tissues and other structures within the oral cavity or the facial tissues. No patients had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or AIDS, which makes these findings different from other reports. Noma can be prevented by vaccinating children against infectious diseases, by controlling malnutrition and by improving their oral hygiene. It is arrested by mechanical lesion debridement, improving oral hygiene and antibiotic therapy. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis may progress in some cases to ulcerative necrotizing stomatitis, necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, and, finally, to noma. Microbial studies among new Colombian NUG, NUP and noma patients are necessary, using bacterial culturing and identification methods and molecular techniques such as PCR for viruses and bacteria, in order to establish the exact nature of these lesions.
Assuntos
Gengivite Ulcerativa Necrosante/patologia , Noma/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia , Feminino , Gengiva/patologia , Gengivite Ulcerativa Necrosante/tratamento farmacológico , Gengivite Ulcerativa Necrosante/microbiologia , Humanos , Leucemia/complicações , Masculino , Desnutrição/complicações , Sarampo/complicações , Noma/tratamento farmacológico , Noma/microbiologiaRESUMO
Periodoncia normal. Patología de le enfermedad periodontal en niños: desarrollo de lesiones gingivales inflamatorias. Lesiones agudas que afectan la encía y la mucosa bucal. lesiones crónicas que afectan la encía y la mucosa bucal. Hiperplasia fibrosa de la encía. Los frenillos. Atrofia gingival. Consideraciones ortodónticas. El tercer molar. Lesiones por reabsorción del hueso alveolar. Manifestaciones bucales de enfermedades sistémicas asociadas con lesiones de reabsorción del hueso alveolar. Enfermedades sistémicas generadoras de alteraciones varias del hueso alveolar. El diabético juvenil. Manejo del paciente con cardiopatía congénita y adquirida. Manejo de la leucemia, Anemias de interés odontológico y hemofilia. Odontología para niños impedidos. Nutrición del adolescente. Prevención de la enfermedad periodontal. Aspectos psicofisiológicos de trastornos periodontales y estomato-gingivales. Fragmentos retenidos de dientes temporarios y lesiones periodontales
